Mechanisms
Conjugate Addition — 1,4-Addition Mechanisms
Complete guide to conjugate addition mechanisms: Michael addition, cuprate addition, and 1,2 vs 1,4 selectivity.
Cross-Coupling Reactions — Pd-Catalyzed C-C Bond Formation
Complete guide to cross-coupling mechanisms: Heck, Suzuki, Negishi, Sonogashira, and Stille reactions.
Electrophilic Addition — Alkene Reactions
Complete guide to electrophilic addition mechanisms: Markovnikov's rule, carbocation intermediates, and stereochemistry.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution — EAS Mechanisms
Complete guide to EAS mechanisms: nitration, halogenation, sulfonation, Friedel-Crafts, and directing effects.
Elimination Reactions — E1 and E2 Mechanisms
Complete guide to elimination mechanisms: E1 vs E2, Zaitsev's rule, anti-periplanar geometry, and competition with substitution.
Free Radical Substitution — Chain Reactions
Complete guide to free radical mechanisms: initiation, propagation, termination, and halogenation of alkanes.
Nucleophilic Addition — Carbonyl Reactions
Complete guide to nucleophilic addition mechanisms: Grignard, hydride reduction, cyanohydrin formation, and Wittig reaction.
Nucleophilic Substitution — SN1 and SN2 Mechanisms
Complete guide to nucleophilic substitution mechanisms: SN1 vs SN2, stereochemistry, kinetics, and substrate effects.
Oxidation Reactions — Carbonyl and Alcohol Oxidation
Complete guide to oxidation mechanisms: PCC, Jones, Swern, Dess-Martin, and KMnO₄ oxidations.
Pericyclic Reactions — Concerted Mechanisms
Complete guide to pericyclic reactions: Diels-Alder, electrocyclic, sigmatropic, and orbital symmetry.
Rearrangement Reactions — 1,2-Shifts and Migrations
Complete guide to rearrangement mechanisms: carbocation rearrangements, pinacol, Beckmann, and Hofmann.
Reduction Reactions — Carbonyl and Alkene Reduction
Complete guide to reduction mechanisms: NaBH₄, LiAlH₄, catalytic hydrogenation, and dissolving metal reduction.